Insertion of fastenings



1955 E. L. BUTLER El AL 2,712,649

INSERTION 0F FASTENINGS Filed Jan. 22, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet l y 1955 E. L. BUTLER ET AL 2,712,649

INSERTION OF FASTENINGS Filed Jan. 22, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 12, 1955 E. L. BUTLER ET AL 2,712,649

INSERTION OF FASTENINGS Filed Jan. .22, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Inventors:

12, 1955 E. L. BUTLER El AL 2,712,649

INSERTION OF FASTENINGS Filed Jan. 22, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 7nventors Zmesf L. Buf/er J y 12, 1955 E. 1 BUTLER ET AL INSERTION OF FASTENINGS 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Jan. 22, 1953 157765! L. Buf/er flndrew f ap/er: Jr

United States Extent 0 i assignors to United Shoe Machinery Corporation, Flemington, N. 1., a corporation of New Jersey Application January 22, 1953, Serial No. 332,643

25 Claims. (Cl. 1-20) This invention relates to the insertion of fastenings, and more particularly to apparatus for forming and inserting wire staples of the type which are clinched within the body of a work piece without penetrating entirely through the work piece. The invention is herein illustrated by reference to a lasting machine of the type disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,796,451, granted March 17, 1931, on an application filed in the name of George Goddu, and modified in certain aspects in accordance with the disclosure of United States Letters Patent No. 2,604,645, granted on July 29, 1952, on an application filed in the names of Ernest L. Butler and Andrew Eppler, Jr. It will be understood, however, that in its more novel and useful aspects the invention is not limited to use in machines of the type herein shown nor to the lasting of shoes.

A principal object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved mechanism for forming and inserting staples of the type which do not penetrate entirely through the materials being secured together, and which have superior holding power and are especially well adapted for securing the upper materials of a shoe to the insole in lasted position after the upper materials have been tensioned and wiped inwardly over the bottom of the insole during a progressive lasting operation. With this object in view,

the herein illustrated mechanism includes novel means for severing lengths of wire and for forming these lengths of wire into U-shaped staples having legs of equal length which terminate in angularly disposed cuts that face in opposite directions and lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple, together with novel means for inserting the staples thus formed into materials to be secured together, e. g., the upper and insole of a shoe, in such a manner that the legs of the staple as they enter the materials are caused to follow curved paths of helical shape.

In common with devices of this general type, the herein illustrated mechanism comprises a work-engaging member having a driver passage with which there are associated a spring-operated staple driver, a retractable inside former, a movable outside former, means for advancing successive lengths of a wire between the inside and outside formers, and means for angularly shearing the lengths of wire for subsequent formation into staples. With the purposes of this invention in view, the shearing means are arranged to shear each successive length of wire, so that it extends equal distances on the opposite sides of the inside former, with a out which lies in an oblique plane that is parallel to the direction of movement of the outside former so that the legs of each formed staple will terminate in angularly disposed cuts which face in opposite directions and lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple, for a purpose that will presently appear. In order to prevent displacement of each sheared length of wire during the operation of the shearing means and the subsequent formation of the staple by the outside former, the staple driver of the herein illustrated mechanism is, in accordance with a feature of the invention, adapted to 2,712,649 Patented July 12, 1955 ice be advanced so as to clamp the length of wire yieldingly against the inside former prior to the operation of the shearing means and outside former. Conveniently, and in the construction shown, the staple driver is actuated by means of a spring and its movements are controlled by a cam so shaped as to permit first the advance of the driver into yielding clamping position and thereafter, upon the retraction of the inside former, the operation of the driver to drive the formed staple. Thus, after the operation of the shearing means and the outside former, the inside former is retracted to release the driver which is then actuated by its spring to propel the formed staple along the driver passage and to insert it into the materials to be fastened.

As suggested above, when the staple is thus driven, its legs are caused to follow curved paths of helical shape. Thus, in the mechanism of this invention, there are associated with the discharge end of the driver passage means for deflecting the legs of the staple in a novel and improved manner. More particularly, the deflecting means comprises inside and outside deflectors which are so constructed and arranged as to cause the legs of the staple first to be deflected outwardly away from each other and then inwardly toward each other. Preferably, and in the herein illustrated apparatus, the inside deflector comprises a member located adjacent to the discharge end of the driver passage and having oppositely disposed concave deflecting surfaces for engaging and deflecting outwardly the legs of the staple and an inclined or sloping surface for supporting the bridge of the staple as it is driven, means being also provided for progressively withdrawing the inside deflector in predetermined time relation to the movement of the staple driver to permit the driving of the staple out through the discharge end of the driver passage. Cooperating with the concave surface of the inside deflector are two pins having convex surfaces which are substantially tangent to the respective sides of the driver passage and associated with each of these pins is an outside deflector having a concave deflecting surface which terminates in a sharpened end. These outside deflectors are mounted for movements, in response to the actuation of the staple driver, from retracted and inoperative positions to operative positions in which their concave deflecting surfaces are tangent respectively with the convex surfaces on their associated pins and their sharpened ends project somewhat beyond the operating surface of the work-engaging member so as to penetrate slightly the materials being fastened. Thus, as each staple is driven, its legs are first deflected outwardly away from each other and relatively to the bridge of the staple in curved paths by the action of the concave surfaces on the inside deflector and, immediately thereafter, the legs of the staple are deflected inwardly toward each other in curved paths by the action of the concave surfaces on the outside deflectors. As the staple legs enter the materials to be fastened, theangularly disposed cuts on the staple legs cause them to be deflected as they travel in their curved paths, one forwardly of the bridge of the staple and the other rearwardly thereof, with the result that when the staple has been completely driven each of its legs assumes the shape of the element of a helix the axis of which is normal to the bridge of the staple and substantially parallel to the surface of the material into which the staple has been inserted. Also, as the inside deflector is retracted, its concave deflecting surfaces and its inclined supporting surface are eventually withdrawn from engagement with the legs and the bridge of the staple so that, during the latter portion of the stroke of the staple driver, the driver sets the bridge of the staple flatly against the upper surface of the materials and, as this occurs, the upper portions of the legs of the staple, where they join onto the bridge portion, are bent into curved portions having considerably smaller radii of curvature than the helical portions of the staple legs.

As indicated above, the legs of each staple as it is driven tend to follow helical paths which are curved on substantially the same radius as the arcuate concave deflecting surfaces on the outside deflectors. It will, therefore, be apparent that the depth to which the legs of each staple penetrate will depend not only on the radius of curvature of these deflecting surfaces but also on the disposition of these deflecting surfaces relatively to the surface of the material into which the staple is inserted. Thus, in accordance with a further feature of the invention, means are provided for altering the disposition of these deflecting surfaces in order to cause the legsof the staples to penetrate more or less deeply into the materials being fastened. More particularly, the outside deflectors are mounted for sliding movement to and from their operative positions in supporting members which are mounted for manual swinging movements about axes so located that the operator, by swinging these supporting members, may alter the disposition of the concave deflecting surfaces of the outside deflectors thereby to vary the depth of penetration of the staple legs without, however, disturbing the tangential relationship between these surfaces and the convex surfaces of the associated pins. Preferably, and in the herein illustrated mechanism, such swinging movements of the outside deflector-supporting members are limited in each direction by stop means, one of said stop means being fixedto determine the maximum depth of penetration of the staples while the other is adjustable to determine selectively the minimum depth of penetration. Thus, by the manipulation of a conveniently located hand lever, the operator may quickly eifect adjustment of the outside deflectors to either one of these two positions. This is especially advantageous when, as herein illustrated, the novel fastening-forming and inserting mechanism of this invention is embodied in a machine for progressively lasting the upper of a shoe, inasmuch as when the lasting operation is proceeding respectively along the shank and forepart portions of the shoe it is desirable to insert staples which penetrate to different depths.

The above and other objects and features of the invention will appear in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings and will be pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a view in right-hand side elevation, partially broken away, of a part of the head portion of a machine in which novel features of this invention are incorporated;

Fig. 2 is a view in front elevation of a portion of the machine shown in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a view taken substantially on line IIIIII in Fig. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows with certain parts broken away and other parts shown in section;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view on a slightly enlarged scale of certain operating elements of the machine with some parts broken away and other parts shown in section;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 4 but showing other operating elements of the machine;

Fig. 6 is a view, partially in section and on an enlarged scale, taken on section line VIVI in Fig. 3 and looking entpositions assumed by certain operating elements in forming the staple;

Fig. 11 is a view in section taken on the line )HXI in Fig. 8 and looking in the direction of the arrows;

a Fig. 12 is a partial view in perspective, as seen from lasted position against the bottom of the insole.

4 the rear of the machine, of certain operating parts shown inFig. ll;

Figs. 13, 14 and 15 are a series of views in section and on an enlarged scale, taken on the line XIIIXIII in Fig. 3, and looking in the direction of the arrows, showing the dilferent positions assumed by other operating elements in deflecting and inserting thestaple;

Figs. l6, l7 and 18 are a series of views in section and on an enlarged scale, taken on the line XVIXVI in Fig. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows, these views corresponding respectively to Figs. 13, 14 and 15;

Fig. 19 is a view partially in section taken on the broken line XIX-XlX in Fig. 18; and

Fig. 20 is a view in perspective from above of a fastener as formed arid insertedinto materials which are shown in phantom outline.

Referring to the drawings, and particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 thereof, the features of this invention are illustrated as embodied in a machine of the same general construction as that shown in the aforementioned patents. This machine has a gripper comprising jaws 30, 32, an overlaying member indicated generally by the reference character 34 to which is attached the staple forming and inserting mechanism indicated generally by the reference character 36, a shoe bottom engaging feed wheel 38 and an adjustable edge gage roll 46. These several operating elements are associated with and actuated by mechanism contained within a hollow head construction 42 which is mounted on top of a column (not shown). The various operating mechanisms are driven by cams secured to a main shaft, not shown, which is clutched to driving means and treadled in a manner disclosed in the aforementioned Goddu patent and not shown herein. Indicated generally by the reference character 44 is mechanism for closing gripper jaws in proper timed relationship which is substantially identical to that disclosed in the aforementioned Goddu patent. Links 46, 48, Fig. 1, connected to a lever 50 control the lateral movements of the gripper and a mechanism indicated generally by the reference character 52 controls the direction of rotation of the feed wheel 38 in a manner substantially the same as that disclosed in the aforementioned Butler patent. Also associated with this machine is a Wire feeding mechanism indicated generally by the reference character 53 (Fig. 3) which is substantially the same as that disclosed in the above-mentioned Goddu patent and which is adapted to feed a wire "w of a relatively small diameter, preferably in the range .022 inch, through a flexible wire guide 56 to the staple forming and driving mechanism about to be described.

In operating the machine, an operator holds a. shoe against the feed wheel 33 and against the edge gage roll 49, properly to position the shoe with its upper materials between the open jaws 3t), 32 of the gripper and, upon treadling of the machine, the upper materials are seized by the jaws 30, 32 and drawn inwardly over the bottom of the insole in a manner disclosed in the aforementioned Butler patent. Next the overlaying member 34 moves forwardly and downwardly to the phantom position shown in Fig. l to lay the lasting margin of the upper materials inwardly over and to press them against the insole and the novel staple'forming and inserting mechanism 36 is operated to insert a staple for holding the materials in their The continued depression of the treadle will cause the feed roll automatically to advance the shoe in a selected direction prior to the next operation of the lasting and fastener inserting mechanisms so that the lasting of'the upper materials proceeds intermittently in' the selected direction along the marginal edge of the bottom of the shoe.

Referring now more particularly to the overlaying member 34, its rear portion, which'appears to the right [in Fig. -l, is substantially the same as the corresponding 5 portion of the overlaying member shown in the aforementioned Butler patent, also indicated by the reference character 34, and is reciprocated, during" the operation of the machine, by a cam (not shown) upon a dovetailed guide 58 which is secured to an angularly adjustable mounting 69 attached to the head member 42 (Fig. 1). A main bracket 62 on which are supported the operating elements of the staple forming and inserting mechanism 36' is attached to the member 34 by screws 64 (Figs; 1, 4, and 6). One of these elements is a shearing block 66 (Figs. 4 and 6) which is provided with a hole 68 at one end into which the flexible wire guide 56 is pressed and an angular surface 70 at its other or inner end. Also provided in said shearing block are a tapered hole 72 and a hole '74 of a diameter slightly greater than that of the wire w which is fed through said holes by the aforementioned wire feeding mechanism to extend beyond the angular surface 79 (Fig. 6). The shearing block 66 is pressed into a groove 76 (Fig. 4) formed in a shearing block holder 73 which has an angular surface 80 (Fig. 6)

corresponding to the angular surface 70 of the shearing block, said surfaces being in alinement. A shearing knife 82 is slidably mounted in a V-groove 84 formed in the holder 73 with its shearing face 86 held in intimate contact with the surfaces 76 and 80 by means of a leaf spring 88 having a body portion 90. Screw 92 (Figs. 2 and 3) passes through slots 94 and 95 formed in the body portion of the leaf spring 88 and the shearing block holder 78, respectively, and is threaded into the main bracket 62, thus permitting lateral adjustment of the shearing block and also of the leaf spring with respect to the shearing block.

An outside former 96 (Fig. 4) having forming faces 98 and a retaining lip 99 formed at its lower end (Fig. 12) is siidably mounted in a groove 190 formed in a guide member 192 (Fig. 6) which retains it against a surface 103 of the bracket 62 and which is secured to said bracket by screws The outside former 96 is urged yieldingly upward by a spring 106 which causes it to abut the bifurcated end 1% of an angular lever 119 (Fig. 4). The

knife 82 is likewise held yieldingly upward by a spring 112 against an adjustable screw 114 threaded into the lever 11% which screw is adjusted so that the lower end of the knife 82 is normaily positioned immediately above the hole 74 in the shearing block 66 and slightly below the forming surfaces on the lower end of the outside former 96 (Figs. 4 and 7). The angular lever is secured to a transverse shaft 116 which is pivotally mounted in a bearing 118 formed in a projection 120 which extends rearwardly of the bracket 62 (Fig. 4). An arm 12?. is secured to the opposite end of the shaft 116 and has a roll 124 rotatably mounted on its extremity which rides upon a cam 126. This cam has a rise 128 and is adjustably mounted by means of a screw 136 on the fiXBCl dovetail guide mounting 60 and held thereon by another screw 132 (Fig. 6).

A staple driver 13% is slidably mounted in a groove 136 formed in the outside former 96 (Figs. 4 and 6) which retains it against the surface 163 of the bracket 62. The upper end of the staple driver is secured by a clamp 140 (Figs. 1 and 4) and a screw 142 to a driver guide 144 which is provided with a large headed screw 146 for adjusting the vertical position of the driver 134 and for absorbing the vertical thrust on the driver when a staple is being driven. The lower portion of the driver guide 144 is slidably mounted in a groove 148 formed in the bracket 62 (Fig. 6) and is retained therein by a guide member 25 3 fastened to the bracket by a screw 152. Motion is imparted to the driver guide 144 and to the staple driver 134 through an offset link 154 aflixed to a cylindrical member 155 which is pivotally mounted upon a fulcrum screw 15-5 between ears 158 formed on the driver guide (Figs. 1, 3 and 4). The other end of this link is pivotally connected to a fulcrum pin 160' mounted in the bifurcated end 162 of a lever 164 which is pivotally 6 supported on a fulcrum screw 166 secured to a projection 168 of the head casting 42 (Fig. 1). A slot 176 is formed in the lever 164 and a pin 172 attached to a second lever 174 projects into this slot. A pad 176 of resilient material, inserted in a lug 178 formed on the lever 164, is adapted to engage a bumper 181 of resilient material which is adjustably mounted on the head member 42 by an eccentric pin 182 so as to limit adjustably the rotation of the lever 164 in one direction. A depending arm 184 having a cam roll 186 which bears against a cam (not shown), is integral with the lever 174 which is pivotally mounted on a stud 138 secured to the head casting 42. The roll 136 is normally held against a rise on the aforementioned cam by a torsion spring 198 acting between the head casting 42 and a lug 192 formed on the lever 174.

An inside former 194 having its upper end 196 located slightly below the hole 74 in the shearing block 66 (Figs. 7 and 11) with its sides perpendicular to the surface 193 of the bracket 62 is formed on a rod .198 that is slidably mounted in a bore 2530 in the bracket 62 (Figs. 1, 4 and 6). The rod 198 is yieldingly held in its forward position against a plate 202 (shown in Figs. 7 and 11 only) secured to the bracket 62, which plate has a slot 2653 through which the inside former 194 projects, by a spring 2%)4 carried in a projection 206 (Fig. 6) formed on the overlaying member 34 and bearing against the opposite end of the rod 198. A tail 20% (Figs. 4 and 6) is formed on the rear end of the rod 198 and projects through slots 210 and 212 formed in the bracket 62 and the overlaying member 34, respectively, into a recess 21.4 in the stationary dovetail guide 58 and in line with an adjustable eccentric stop 216 secured to the fixed dovetail guide 58 atthe forward end of the recess 214.

The above described parts operate in the following manner to form a U-shaped staple S which is subsequently inserted into the tensioned upper materials to hold them in lasted position by mechanisms as yet not described. This forming operation is effected as forward motion is imparted to the overlay ng member 34 to bring the fastening and inserting mechanism 36 over the bottom of a shoe. The wire w is fed by the aforementioned wire feeding mechanism 53 through the flexible guide 56 and through the holes 72 and 74 in the shearing block 66 so that the right-hand end of the wire projects beyond the inside former 194 a distance such that the top face 196 of the inside former 194 bisects the length of wire extending beyond the face '79 of the shearing block 66 (Fig. 7). After the wire w has been thus advanced, the cam associated with roll 186 permits the levers 174 and 184 to be rotated by spring in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 1) causing the driver 134 to clamp the wire w against the upper end 195 of the inside former 194 (Fig. 8). This cam then falls away so that the staple driver 134 becomes spring loaded under the action of the torsion spring 199 to hold the wire w yieldingly against the inside former 194. As was mentioned above, the overlaying member 34 is at this time moving forw'ardly (to the right in Figs. 1 and 4) and this motion causes the cam roll 124 to be lifted by the rise 128 of the earn 126 thereby swinging the angular lever 111) in a counterclockwise direction or downwardly. As the lever 110 moves in this direction, both the shearing knife 82 and the outside former 96 move downward and the knife 82 being set below the forming face 93 shears the wire. It should be noted that, as the wire is sheared, it is retained against the upper end 196 of the inside former 194 by the driver 134 to assure that the sheared ends of the wires are parallel. After the wire is thus sheared (Fig. 9), continued downward movement of the angular lever 110 causes the outside former to bend the sheared wire around the inside former and form it into a U-shaped staple S having legs I which terminate in angularly disposed cuts that lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple and face in opposite directions (Figs. 10 and 16). The overlaying member 34 continues its forward motion and after the U-shaped staple S has thus been formed the tail 208 on the inside former rod 198 strikes the eccentric stop 216 preventing the inside former from continuing forward motion as an integral part'of the staple forming and inserting mechanism and further motion of the overlaying member 34 causes the inside former 194 to be retracted, so to speak, beneath the surface 103 formed on the bracket 62. This action functions as a trigger allowing the driver 134, which is spring loaded through the link 154, levers 164 and 174 and the torsion spring 190, to carry the U-shaped staple S downward towards operating elements of the mechanism which will now be de' scribed.

The main bracket 62 is provided with a driver passage 218, formed below the inside former 194, for guiding the U-shaped staple S and the staple driver 134 (Figs. 3, 4 and 7). A plate 220 which covers the driver passage 218 is secured to the bracket 62 by screws 222 and is located thereon by dowel pins 224. This plate has a nose portion 226 (Figs. 1 and 13), which is similar to the nose portion identified by the reference character 181 in the aforementioned Butler patent, for laying the tensioned upper materials inwardly over the bottom of an insole. A pair of deflector pins 228 fastened to the plate 220 (Fig. 19) are located just below the bottom of the driver passage 218 and have arcuate surfaces which are tangent to the sides of said slot (Figs. 16, 17 and 18). The pins 228 are slabbed away forming surfaces 230 to provide clearance for outside deflectors 232 which have formed on their lower ends concave faces 234 that terminate in sharp edges 236. Also formed on the lower ends of the outside deflectors 232 are stop faces 238 which, when abutting the pins 228, locate the concave faces 234 so that they are tangent to the peripheral surfaces of the respective pins 228. The outside deflectors are slidably mounted in grooves 240 formed in wedge shaped members 242 which are fitted between the plate 220 and offset surfaces 244 formed on the bracket 62 (Fig. 19), and each of these members is supported for arcuate swinging movement about the axis of one of the pins 228 by means of an arcuate slide 246 which is fitted in a correspondingly shaped groove 248 formed in the bracket member 62 (Fig. 5).

For adjusting the angular positions of the wedge-shaped members 242 in order to vary the angular relationship between the deflectors 232 and the driver passage 218, the following linkage is provided. Offset links 250 are pivotally connected at one of their ends to pins 252 secured to the upper corners of said members (Fig. 5) and are pivotally connected at their other ends on an eccentric pivot pin 254 (Fig. 6), the threaded end 256 of whichpasses through a hole 258 formed in a dovetail guide 260, and is secured thereto by a thin nut 262, having holes 264 for the use of a pin wrench. The eccentric pivot' pin 254 is so adjusted that the outside deflectors 232 assume the same angular relationship to the driver passage .218.

The dovetail guide 260 is slidably mounted in a corresponding guideway 265 formed in a guide bracket 266, which is secured to the main bracket 62 and guide memher 102 by the screws 104, and has a slot 268 (Fig. 3) formed in its lower end, to permit access to the nut 262 for adjustment of the pivot pin 254. At the upper end of the guide 260 is atfixed a pin 270 (Fig. 5) which extends rearwardly and enters a slot 272 formed in an adjusting lever 274, which is pivotally mounted upon a v pin 276, secured to the guide member 102, and which has at its opposite end a rounded extension 278 for condirection is limited by engagement of the hand lever 274 with a shoulder 279 formed on the bracket 266 (Fig. 5).

With this arrangement of parts, it is apparent that asvthe lever 274 is operated, the angular relation between the .8 I wedge-shaped members 242 and the slot 218 will be varied, and yet, at all times when the outside deflectors 232 are in their downward position, as shown in Fig. 17, the concave surfaces 234 on theirlower ends will be tangent to the peripheral surfaces of the respective deflector pins 228, though the centers of the radii of curvature of said concave surfaces will be shifted along arcuate paths concentric with the deflector pins 228. As will be apparent from Figs. 16, 17 and 18, the depths to which the staple legs penetrate into the materials into which they are driven depend on the dispositions of the concave surfaces 234 on the deflectors 232 and, hence, may be varied by manipulation of the hand lever 274. The toggle action of the links 252 causes the wedge-shaped members to retain the setting imparted by the lever 276 without the use of any locking device. Reciprocating motion is imparted to the outside deflectors 232 to move them from their inoperative positions (Fig. 16) to their operative positions (Figs. 17 and 18) through the following linkage. semicircular-shaped pins 286. (Figs.3 and 5), secured to the upper ends of the outside deflectors 232, ride in arcuate grooves 288, formed in the lower arms of bell cranks 290, said grooves being generated on radii extending from the respective deflector pins 228. The bell cranks 290 are pivotally mounted on fulcrum screws 292, secured to projections 294 (Fig. 3), formed on the guide bracket 266 and have links 296 pivotally attached to their upper arms by pins 298. The links 296 are pivotally connected to an eccentric pivot pin 299 which is secured to a dovetail guide 300 by a screw 302, and'is so adjusted that the lower ends of the outside deflectors 232 have the same linear relationship with the deflector pins 228. The dovetail guide 300 is slidably mounted in a corresponding guideway 304 formed in the guide bracket 266 (Fig. 6), and has mounted on its upper end a'leaf spring 306 (Fig. 5), which is adjustably secured thereto by screws 308 which pass through a slot 310 formed in said leaf spring.

(Figs. 1 and 5), which bears against the bottom of the angular extension of the leaf spring 306 and is slidably mounted in a hole 314, formed in the guide bracket 266,

is urged upwardly by a spring 316. Thus the abovedescribed linkage is normally held in the upward position, shown in Fig.1, with the deflectors 232 in their inoperative positions, shown in Fig. 16, by the compression spring 316. 8

An inside deflector 318 (Fig. 4) is located below the lower end of the driver passage 218 and has a front deflecting section indicated generally by the reference character 320 provided with a sloping upper surface 322 and a flat bottom surface 324 (Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16) which is flush with the bottom of the nose portion 226 for engaging the materials to be stapled. The upper portion of said deflector is of a width generally the same as that of the inside former 194, and extends downwardly from the surface 322 gradually flaring outwardly to form concave surfaces 326 which are generated on radii extending from the centers of the respective deflector pins 228 and merge with convex surfaces 327 which terminate at the bottom surface 324 (Figs. 16 and 17). The front end 320 of the inside deflector 318, extends into a cavity 328, formed in the nose portion226 of the plate 220, and rearwardly through a slot 330 (see also Fig. 4), of similar configuration formed in the main bracket 62. Guides 332 are formed on the inside deflector 318 which are slidably mounted in grooves 334, formed in a retaining member 336 (Figs. 1 and 4) secured to the main bracket 62. Ears 338 extend upwardly of the guides 332 and receive a bifurcated arm 340 of a bell crank 341 which engages a pin 342, extending between the ears 348. The bell crank 342 is pivotally mountedon a pin 343 secured to the bracket 62 and has its other leg 344 ofis et to the left (Fig.

4) in the line of travel of the driver guide 144, so that when the driver guide descends, the leg 344 is engaged by a lower surface 346, formed on said driver guide. A

A plunger 312 9 spring pin 348 is attached to the extremity of the leg 344 for engaging a spring 35% which normally holds the bell crank 342 in a clockwise poiition to maintain the inside deflector 318 in the forward position in which it is shown in Fig. 16.

The mode of operation of the above-described parts and the method of forming and inserting the U-shaped staple S will now be described. As was mentioned above, the staple inserting device is illustrated as embodied in a lasting machine and wire w is formed, in the previously explained manner, into a U-shaped staple S, as the overlaying member 34 moves forward, to the left in Fig. l, to lay the upper U and the lining L, which have been tensioned by the gripper jaws 3t 32, against the bottom of the insole I. lost prior to the time when the staple inserting device 35 reaches its forwardmost position, the phantom position shown in Fig. l, the forward motion of the inside former 194 is stopped and the spring-loaded staple driver 134 is released to drive the U-shaped staple S rapidly down the driver passage 218. During this downward movement of the driver, the cylindrical portion 155 of the offset driving link 1554 strikes the leaf spring 306 causing the outside deflectors to be projected from the solid line positions (Fig. 16) to the solid line positions (Figs. 17 and 18) so that the sharp edges 236 on the outside deflectors 232 penetrate a short distance into the upper U and the lining L through the action of the links 296 and bell cranks 293. It will be noted that the outside deflectors 232 are yieldably held against the deflector pins 228 through the action of leaf spring 306. Upon continued downward movement of the staple driver 1134 (Figs. 16 to 18) the legs I of the staple S are first curved outwardly, around the deflector pins 228,. and then inwardly in an arcuate manner conforming to the concave surfaces 234 on the outside deflectors 232. The staple driver 134 is so adjusted, relatively to the driver guide144, that when the bridge of the staple is in contact with the sloping surface 322 on the inside deflector, the lower surface 346 on the driver guide 144 contacts the leg 344 of the bell crank 341 causing the inside deflector 318 to be retracted (to the right in Fig. 4) thus causing the sloping surface 322 to support the bridge of the staple as the staple is being driven and eventually permitting the driver and the staple to pass by the inside deflector. The staple legs are thus prog essively deflected outwardly and then arcuately inwardly within the materials to be fastened together. As the staple legs penetrate the materials to be fastened, they continue in the arcuate' paths imparted to them by the concave surfaces 234 of the outside deflectors 232, in a faithful continuation of those concave surfaces, because the hardened surface of the material has been punctured by the sharp points 236 of the deflectors 232. Furthermore, as the legs Z enter the work in this arcuate manner, they are deflected away from the bridge of the staple S in opposite directions forwardly and rearwardly thereof, due to the action of the angularly disposed cuts on the legs on the materials into which they are being inserted. In this manner the staple is inserted with its bridge, or horizontal portion, in intimate contact with the upper surface of the upper materials U and with its legs 1 formed in the shapes of opposed helices which do not protrude through the opposite side of the work herein illustrated as an insole and which are normal to the bridge of the staple and parallel to the surfaces of the materials. During the final portion of the downward movement of the driver 134, the inside deflector is withdrawn from between the legs of the staple and the bridge of the staple is set flatly against the upper surface of the material (Fig 15). As this occurs those portions of the legs of the staples which are connected to the bridge are bent into curves of considerably smaller radii of curvature than the helical portions of the legs (Fig. 18). The staple thus formed provides a shallow blind fastening which can be inserted into the thinnest types of insoles which are used in commercial practice it? without entirely penetrating therethrough. Particularly in shoemaking, this feature is of great importance since any metallic material which is exposed on the top of the insole where it could be contacted by the foot of the wearer is a possible source of danger.

When a shoe is lasted successively in different locations along its marginal edge, it is desirable that fastenings having a greater depth and holding power be used in the shank portion of the shoe and shallower staples used in the forepart where the insole is thinner. Therefore, it is an advantage of this invention that a quick and easy arrangement for changing the location of the centers about which the concave surfaces 234 on the outside deflectors 232 is provided. Thus, when this invention is embodied in a machine of the type disclosed in the aforementioned Butler patent in which the shoe is fed automatically and intermittently as successive portions of the upper are tensioned and fastened to the insole, the operator may reach out with one hand and adjust the lever 274 to vary the staple depth for shank orforepart sections of the shoe without interrupting the operation of the machine. Referring to Figs. 3 and 5, when the hand lever is swung in a counterclockwise direction to the extent determined by the adjustable stop screw 280, the deflectors 232 are positioned for causing the staple legs to penetrate only a relatively short distance into the material into which the staple is inserted, see Fig. 18. However, if this hand lever is swung in a clockwise direction to the extent determined by its' engagement with the shoulder 279 (Fig. 5), the deflectors will be moved to positions in which the concave surfaces 234 diverge more than before so that the legs of the staple penetrate deeper into the materials.

The shoe thus lasted with the lasting margin of its upper secured in lasted position by the above-described staple is a superior product inasmuch as the lasting margin is retained much more securely by the present staple than has heretofore been possible. In addition to the superior holding power of the helically clinched legs which extend toward each other in divergent directions transversely of the bridge of the staple, the legs are also curved substantially in the direction of flexure of the sole of the shoe particularly in the ball line area thereof. Previous types of staples used for this purpose have either extended at right angles to the bridge of the staple or have extended away from each other in those cases where the bridge of the staple has been inserted substantially parallel to the marginal edge of the shoe bottom. The advantage obtained'by securing the lasted margin of an upper with a staple of the type described-in this application with its bridge substantially parallel to the marginal edge of ashoe bottom is that when the shoe is flexed by the wearer the staple legs more easily bend or give within the flexed insole and there is much less tendency for them to be pulled out. Other articles or pieces of penetrable material fastened by staples formed by this machine likewise furnish improved articles of manufacture in that the holding or gripping power of a staple thus formed is superior to that of any other known type of blind fastening, more especially where said fastening need penetrate only a short distance so as to form a shallow type fastening likewise.

Having described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver, an inside former normally disposed in the path of movement of said driver and mounted for retractive movement out of said path, an outside former mounted for movement relatively to said inside former to forma length of wire into a substantially U-shaped staple, means for intermittently advancing wire between the inside and outside formers, means for severing successive lengths of wire, means for moving the driver to clamp the advanced wire against the inside former during the operation of said shearing means and said outside former, further continued movement of said driver by said means being limited only by the inside former, and means for removing said inside former from the pathof' movement of said driver to allow further movement of the driver to drive the formed staple.

2. A staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver, an inside former normally disposed in the path of movement of said driver and mounted for retractive movement out of said path, an outside former mounted for movement relatively to said inside former to form a length of wire into a substantially U-shaped staple, means for intermittently advancing wire between the inside and outside formers, means for severing successive lengths of wire, spring actuated means for moving the driver yieldingly to clamp the advanced wire against the inside former during the operation of said shearing means and said outside former, further continued movement of said driver by said spring actuated means being limited only by the inside former, and means for removing said inside former from the path of movement of said driver to allow further movement of the driver to drive the formed staple.

3. A staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver, an inside former normally disposed in the path of movement of said driver and mounted for retractive movement out of said path, an outside former mounted for movement relatively to said inside former to form a length of wire into a substantially U-shaped staple, means for intermittently advancing wire between the inside and outside formers, means for'severing successive lengths of wire, means for moving thedriver to clamp the advanced wire against the inside former during the operation of said shearing means and said outside former, further continued movement of said driver by said means being limited only by the inside former, and cooperating deflector means for causing the legs of the staple as it is driven-by the driver to be deflected in converging directions within the materials'to be fastened.

4. A staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver, an inside former normally disposed in the path of movement of said driver. and mounted forretractive movement out of said path, an outside former mounted for movement relatively to said inside former to form a length of wire into a substantially U-shaped staple, means for intermittently advancing wire between the inside and outside formers, means for severing successive lengths of wire, means for moving the driver to clamp the advanced wire against the inside former during the operation of said shearing means and said outside former,

larly disposed cuts that lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple and face in opposite directions and means for retracting said inside former to allow the driver to drive the formed staple along said driver passage and out of its discharge end, and cooperating deflecting means for causing the legs of the staple as itis driven by the driver to be deflected within the materials to be fastened whereby each of the legs of the driven staple assumes from the deflecting means and the resistance of the materials against the angular cuts the shape of an element of a helix the axis of which is normal to the bridge of the staple and substantially parallel to the surfaces of the materials.

6. A staple-forming mechanism having, in combination, a member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver, an inside former associated with said passage, an outside former mounted for movement relative to said inside former to form a length of wire into a substantially U- shaped staple, means for intermittently advancing successive lengths of a wire between the inside and outside formers, means for shearing each length of wire thus advanced so that its ends extend equal distances on each side of the inside former with an oblique cut on each end which lies in a plane parallel to the direction of movement of the outside former, driver-operating means adapted to cause the driver to clamp the advanced length of wire against the inside former during the operation of said shearing means and said outside former, whereby the U- shaped staple formed has legs of equal length which terminate in angularly disposed cuts that lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple and face in opposite directions, and thereafter to cause the driver to drive the formed staple alongsaid driver passage and out of its discharge end, and cooperating inside and outside deflectors for causing the legs of each staple as it is thus driven by the driver to be progressively deflected first in diverging di:

rections and then in converging directions within the mafurther continued movement of said driver by said means I being limited only by the inside former, and cooperating insideand outside deflectors for causing the legs of each staple as it is thus driven by the driver to be progressively deflected first in diverging directions and thenin converging directions within the materials to be fastened.

5. JA staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver, an inside former mountedfor retractive movement associated with said passage, an outside former mounted for'movernent relative to said inside former to form a length of wire into a substantially U-shaped staple, means for intermittently advancing successive lengths of wire between the inside and outside formers, means for shearing each length of wire thus advanced so that its ends extend equal distances-on each side of the inside former with an oblique cut on each end which lies in a plane parallel to the direction of movement of the outside former, spring actuated means for causing the driver to clamp the advanced length of wire against the inside former during the operation of'said shearing means and said outside former whereby the U-shaped staple, when formed, has legs of equal length which terminate in anguterials to be fastened, whereby each of the legs of the driven staple assumes from the deflecting means and the resistance of the materials against the angular cuts the shape of the element of a helix the axis of which is normal to the bridge of the staple and substantially parallel to the surfaces of the materials.

7. A staple-forming mechanism having, in combination, a member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver, an inside former associated with said passage, an outside former mounted for movement relative to said inside former to form a length of wire into a substantially U- shaped staple, means for intermittently advancing successive lengths of a wire between the insideand outside formers, means for shearing each length of wire thus advanced, driver-operating means adapted to cause the driver to clamp the advanced length of wire against the inside formerduring the operation of said shearingmeans and said outside former, and thereafter to cause the driver to drive the formed staple along said driver passage and passage and into material in engagement with said mem-' ber, driver operating means, and cooperating deflector means located adjacent to the discharge end of said passage for causing the legs of each staple as it is driven bythe driver to be deflected first in diverging directions and then in converging directions within the materials to ,be

fastened. p

9. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, cooperating deflector means located adjacent to the discharge end of said passage for causing the legs of each staple as it is driven by the driver to be deflected first in diverging directions and then in converging directions within the materials to be fastened, and means for adjusting said deflecting means to vary the depth of penetration of the staple legs into the materials.

10. A staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, means associated with the work engaging member for forming a length of wire into a staple having legs of equal length which terminate in angularly disposed cuts which lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple and face in opposite directions, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple thus formed out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means and cooperating deflector means located adjacent to the discharge end of said passage for causing the legs of each staple as it is driven by the driver to be deflected first in diverging directions and then in converging directions Within the materials to be fastened whereby each or" the legs of the driven staple assumes from the deflecting means and the resistance of the materials against the angular cuts the shape of an element of a helix the axis of which is normal to the bridge of the staple and substantially parallel to the surfaces of the materials.

11. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a Work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, and cooperating outside and inside deflectors for causing the legs of each staple as it is driven by the driver to be progressively deflected first in diverging directions and then in converging directions within the materials to be fastened.

12. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, cooperating outside and inside deflectors for causing the legs of each staple as it is driven by the driver to be progressively and simultaneously deflected first in diverging directions and then in converging directions within the materials to be fastened, and manually operable means for adjusting said outside deflectors to vary the depth materials.

13. A staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, means associated with the work engaging member for forming a length of wire into a staple having legs of equal length which terminate in angularly disposed cuts which lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple and face in opposite directions, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, and cooperating outside and inside deflectors for causing the legs of each staple as it is driven by the driver to be progressively deflected first in diverging directions and then in converging directions Within the materials to be fastened whereby each of the legs of the driven staple assumes from the deflecting means and the resistance of the materials against the angular cuts the shape of an element of a helix the axis of which is normal to the bridge of the staple and substantially parallel to the surfaces of the materials.

14. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a of penetration of the staple legs into the staple out through the discharge end or" said driver passag and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, cooperating inside and outside deflectors for causing the legs of each staple as it is driven by the driver to be progressively deflected in arcuate paths first in diverging directions and then in converging directions within the materials to be fastened, and means for adjusting said outside deflectors to vary the depth of penetration of the staple legs into the materials.

15. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, an inside deflector for engaging the legs of each staple as it is driven by the driver which is adapted to deflect the legs of the staple in diverging paths, and outside deflector means for subsequently engaging the diverging legs of the staple and deflecting them in converging paths Within the materials to be fastened.

16. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a Work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said memher, driver operating means, an inside deflector for engaging the legs of each staple as it is driven by the driver which is adapted to deflect the legs of the staple in diverging paths, outside deflector means for subsequently engaging the diverging legs of the staple and deflecting them in converging paths within the materials to be fastened, and manually operable means for adjusting said outside deflectors to vary the depth of penetration of the staple legs into the materials.

17. A staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work e gaging member provided with a driver passage, means associated with the work engaging member for forming a length of wire into a staple having legs of equal length which terminate in angularly disposed cuts which lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple and face in opposite directions, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means,

M an inside deflector for engaging the legs of each staple as it is driven by the driver and adapted to deflect the legs of the staple in diverging arcuate paths, and outside deflector means for subsequently engaging the diverging legs of the staple and adapted to deflect said staple legs in converging arcuate paths within the materials to be fastened whereby each of legs of the driven staple assumes from the deflecting means and the resistance of the materials against the angular cuts the shape of an element of a helix the axis of which is normal to the bridge of the staple and substantially parallel to the surfaces of the materials.

18. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a Work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, a retractable inside deflector for engaging the legs of the staple as it is driven by the driver and adapted to deflect the legs of the staple in diverging arcuate paths, said inside deflector being provided with an inclined surface for engaging the bridge of the staple, outside deflector means for subsequently engaging the diverging legs of the and adapted to deflect sai' staple legs in converging arcuate paths, and means for retracting said inside deflector in predetermined time relation to the operation of the driver so that the bridge of the staple is progressively supported by said inclined surface as the staple is being driven.

19. A staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, means associated with the work engaging member for forming a length of wire into a staple having legs of equal length which terminate in angularly disposed cuts which lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple and face in opposite directions, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, a retractable inside deflector for engaging the legs of the staple as it is driven by the driver and adapted to deflect the legs of the staple in diverging arcuate paths, said inside deflector being provided with an inclined surface for engaging the bridge of the staple, outside deflector means for subsequently engaging the diverging legs of the staple and adapted to deflect said staple legs in converging arcuate paths, and means for retracting said inside deflector in predetermined time relation to the operation of the driver so that the bridge of the staple is progressively supported by said inclined surface as the staple is being driven whereby each of the legs of the driven staple assumes from the deflecting means and the resistance of the materials against the angular cuts the shape of'an element of a helix the axis of which is normal to the bridge of the staple and substantially parallel to the surfaces of the materials.

20. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, an inside deflector having concave deflecting surfaces for deflecting the legs of the staple as it is driven by the staple driver in diverging arcuate paths, and outside deflecting means including a pair of pins having convex deflecting surfaces substantially concentric with the deflecting surfaces on the inside deflector, and an outside deflector associated with each of said pins which has an arcuate concave deflecting surface, said outside deflecting means being adapted to engage the diverging legs of the staple and to deflect said legs in converging arcuate paths.

21. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, an inside deflector having concave deflecting surfaces for deflecting the legs of the staple as it is driven by the staple driver in diverging arcuate paths, and outside deflecting mews including a pair of pins having convex deflecting surfaces substantially concentric with the deflecting surfaces on the inside deflector, an outside deflector associated with each of said pins which has an arcuate concave deflecting surface,

said outside deflecting means being adapted to engage the diverging legs of the staple and to deflect said legs in converging arcuate paths, and means for adjusting said outside deflectors to vary the 'epth of penetration of the staple legs into the materials into which they are inserted.

22. A staple forming and inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with atdriver passage, means associated withthe work engaging member for forming a len th of Wire into a staple having legs of equal length which terminate in angularly disposed cuts which lie in planes parallel to the bridge of the staple and face in opposite directions, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a. staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, an inside deflector having concave deflecting sur faces for deflecting the legs of the staple as it is driven by the staple driver in diverging arcuate paths, and outside deflecting means including a pair of pins having convex deflecting surfaces substantially concentric with the deflecting surfaces on the inside deflector, and an outsidedeflector associated with each of said pins which has an arcuate concave deflecting surface, said outside deflecting means being adapted to engage the diverging legs of the staple and to deflect said legs in converging arcuate paths whereby each of the legs of the driven staple assumes from the deflecting means and the resistance of the materials against the angular cuts the shape of an element of a helix which is normal to the bridge of the staple and substantially parallel to the surfaces of the materials.

23. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a stapledriver slidable in said passage fordriving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said memoer, driver operating means, an inside deflector having concave deflecting 'surfaces'for deflecting the legs of the staple as it is driven in diverging arcuate paths, outside deflecting means including a pair of fixed pins having convex arcuate deflecting surfaces substantially concentric with the deflecting surfaces of the inside deflector, an outside deflector associated with each of said pins and having an arcuate concave deflecting surface which terminates at one end in a sharp point, and means for supporting said outside deflectors for reciprocating movement to and from their operating positions in which these deflecting surfaces are tangent to the deflecting surfaces on said pins and their sharp'points project slightly beyond the work engaging member and into materials in engagement therewith, said outside deflecting means being adapted to engage the diverging legs of the staple and to deflect said legs in converging arcuate paths. 24. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, an inside deflector having concave deflecting surfaces for deflecting the legs of the staple as it is driven by the staple driver in diverging arcuate'paths, outside deflecting means for subsequently engaging the diverging legs of the staple and deflecting said legs in converging arcuate paths, said outside deflecting means including a pair of fixed pins having convex arcuate deflecting surfaces substantially concentric with the deflecting surfaces of the inside deflector, an outside deflector associated with each of said pins and having an arcuate deflecting surface which terminates in a sharp point, guide means for supporting each of said outside -deflectors for reciprocating movement to and from an Pr it operative position in which its deflecting surface is tangent to the deflecting surface of its associated pin and its sharp point projects beyond the work engaging member and into materials in engagement therewith, means for reciprocating said outside deflectors in proper time relation to the operation of saiddriver and means for mounting each of said guide means for movement about substantially the same axis as its associated 'fixed pin so that the aforementioned relationship of the convex arcuate deflecting surface on the pin and the concave deflecting surface of said outside deflectors is always retained.

25. A staple inserting mechanism having, in combination, a work engaging member provided with a driver passage, a staple driver slidable in said passage for driving a staple out through the discharge end of said driver passage and into material in engagement with said member, driver operating means, an inside deflector having concave deflecting surfaces for deflecting the legs of the staple as it is driven by the staple driver outwardly in diverging arcuate paths, outside deflecting means for subsequently engaging the diverging legs of the staples and deflecting said legs inwardly in converging arcuate paths, said outside deflecting means including a pair of fixed pins having convex'arcuate deflecting surfaces substantially concentric with the deflecting surfaces of the inside 17 deflector, an outside deflector associated with each of said pins having an arcuate deflecting surface which termimates in a sharp point, guide means for supporting each of said outside deflectors for reciprocating movement to and from an operative position in which its deflecting surface is tangent to the deflecting surface of its associated pin and its sharp point projects beyond the work engaging member and into materials in engagement therewith, means for mounting each of said guide means for movement about substantially the same axis as its associated fixed pin so that the aforementioned relationship of the convex arcuate deflecting surface on the pin and the concave deflecting surface of said outside deflectors is always References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 327,339 Squire Sept. 29, 1885 1,437,541 Myers Dec. 5, 1922 1,503,745 Clauss Aug. 5, 1924 1,625,957 Reed Apr. 26, 1927 1,796,452 Goddu Mar. 17, 1931 1,815,298 Goddu July 21, 1931 2,427,028 Spencer Sept. 9, 1947 2,574,380 Dutelle Nov. 6, 1951 

